how many trees are cut down each yearhow many trees are cut down each year

Our crop yields improve and so we need less land for agriculture. Many countries have much less forest today than they did in the past. This follows the classic forest transition model with development, which we look at in more detail in a related article. This is nearly always true of planted forests in temperate regions there, planted forests are long-established and do not replace primary existing forests. Forest cover falls quickly, and the annual loss of forest is high. Since then, deforestation rates have steadily declined, to 78 million hectares in the 1990s; 52 million in the early 2000s; and 47 million in the last decade. Many people think of environmental concerns as a modern issue: humanitys destruction of nature and ecosystems as a result of very recent population growth and increasing consumption. Africas emissions are high because people are clearing forests to produce more food. Our articles and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations. The first step in doing this is for rich countries to monitor their deforestation impacts overseas more closely. A new study published in Nature estimates the planet has 3.04 trillion trees. Today, most deforestation occurs in the tropics. Some of the worlds poorest countries are still in the pre-transition phase. Deforestation displaced: trade in forest-risk commodities and the prospects for a global forest transition. By Georgina Rannard. The Asia-Pacific region predominantly Indonesia and Malaysia export a higher share: 44%. How many trees are lost to deforestation each year? We can calculate this increase as [(7.63 billion 3.09 billion) / 3.09 billion * 100 = 147%]. Tree density in primary forests varies from 50,000-100,000 trees per square km, so the math would put this number at 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees cut down each year. An area the size of the United States. Thats a lot of trees! How many trees are cut down each year in the Amazon rainforest? What are the major impacts of mass deforestation and forest loss? This map shows the net change in forest cover across the world. This is probably less than many people would expect. Stage 4 The Post-Transition phase is when countries have passed the transition point and are now gaining forest again. This interactive map shows deforestation rates across the world. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020: Main report. The change is permanent. This is measured in hectares, which is equivalent to 10,000 m. Do rich countries import deforestation from overseas? Cuaresma, J. C., Danylo, O., Fritz, S., McCallum, I., Obersteiner, M., See, L., & Walsh, B. Estimates vary, but on average only 10-20% of carbon is lost during logging, and 10-30% from fires.27 In a study of logging practices in the Amazon and Congo, forests retained 76% of their carbon stocks shortly after logging.28 Logged forests recover their carbon over time, as long as the land is not converted to other uses (which is what happens in the case of deforestation). The UK imported 34,000 hectares of deforestation but increased its domestic forests by only 19,000 hectares. 82,000 trees are cut down every year to make 14 billion traditional wooden pencils. It might seem odd to argue that we should focus our efforts on tackling this quarter of forest loss (rather than the other 73%). Each year, an estimated 15 billion trees are cut down around the world. More than 7 million hectares of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees, are cut down every year because of deforestation. Noriko Hosonuma et al. There is some bad news, though: that number is likely to increase by 20% by 2023. 95% of the worlds deforestation occurs in the tropics [we look at this breakdown again later]. Forests: this data is primarily sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Growing all those trees requires about 19.7 square miles of land. (2020). Clearing of the Brazilian Amazon for pasture and croplands was a major driver of this loss. Mapping tree density at a global scale. Countries with a positive change (shown in green) are regrowing forest faster than theyre losing it. This was first coined by Alexander Mather in the 1990s.Mather, A. S. (1990). Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. The grey line marks where the area of domestic regrowth of forests is exactly equal to imported deforestation. Crowther, T. W., Glick, H. B., Covey, K. R., Bettigole, C., Maynard, D. S., Thomas, S. M., & Tuanmu, M. N. (2015). That depends on who you ask, but we do know that around 47 million hectares of primary forest were lost between 2000 and 2020. This diagram is adapted from the work of Hosonuma et al. To put this in perspective, that would be around one-sixth of the total carbon footprint of the average EU diet.36. Forest degradation measures a thinning of the canopy a reduction in the density of trees in the area but without a change in land use. Rudel, T. K., Coomes, O. T., Moran, E., Achard, F., Angelsen, A., Xu, J., & Lambin, E. (2005). Types and rates of forest disturbance in Brazilian Legal Amazon, 20002013. This is also true for major economies such as China and India. We see massive differences in how important each driver is across the world. Mather refers to an annual loss of less than 0.25% as a small loss. We then get high-income countries share of deforestation as: [40% of the 29% that is traded], which is equal to 12%. It assumes the impact of clearing primary rainforest in the Amazon to produce soybeans is the same as logging planted forests in the UK. On the x-axis we have imported deforestation. FAO. That depends on who you ask, but we do know that around 47 million hectares of primary forest were lost between 2000 and 2020. Lewis, S. L., Edwards, D. P., & Galbraith, D. (2015). Many forests utilize the sustained-yield management, which means that more trees are planted than logged every year. Help us do this work by making a donation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 361(1465), 195-210. Forests still cover about 30 percent of the worlds land area, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. The rate of deforestation is declining, but we still lost forests at a whopping 10 million hectares per year between 2015-2020. Imported emissions are also high for Taiwan, Belgium and the Netherlands at around one tonne. Stage 2 The Early Transition phase is when countries start to lose forests very rapidly. All the software and code that we write is open source and made available via GitHub under the permissive MIT license. University of Chicago Press.FAO (2020). We can illustrate this through the so-called Forest Transition Model.14 This is shown in the chart. The United Nations, as well as experts at the World Wildlife Fund and Global Forest Watch, found that one million animals are in danger of extinction as a result of how much deforestation has occurred. This gives us an indication of the impact of the average persons diet. By Georgina Rannard. The United States is the worlds largest consumer (and second largest producer, after Canada) of forest products. If we add 0.3 tonnes to this figure, deforestation would account for around one-sixth [0.3 / (1.5+0.3) * 100 = 17%].Notarnicola, B., Tassielli, G., Renzulli, P. A., Castellani, V., & Sala, S. (2017). For the last two centuries forests have been growing and are almost back to where they were 1000 years ago.13. 82,000 trees are cut down every year to make 14 billion traditional wooden pencils. The diet of the average Brazilian creates 2.7 tonnes of CO2 from deforestation alone. This rapid swapping of green for gray is harmful to the people living in these spaces, and it sets cities up for long-term environmental decline, according to the scientists. How many trees are cut down each year? By the mid-18th century, only 4% of the country was forested. Improvements in crop yields mean the per capita demand for agricultural land continues to fall. Healthy environment: One hundred mature trees catch about 139,000 gallons of rainwater per year. By combining our earlier Sankey diagram, and breakdown of emissions by product, we can see that we can tackle a large share of these emissions through only a few key trade flows. Latin America exports around 23% of its emissions; that means more than three-quarters are generated for products that are consumed within domestic markets. But, understanding the role of deforestation in the products we buy is important. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? Each year, an estimated 15 billion trees are cut down around the world. Meanwhile, the global population increased by 147% from 3.1 to 7.6 billion.4 This means that agricultural land per person more than halved, from 1.45 to 0.63 hectares. Mather, A. S., Fairbairn, J., & Needle, C. L. (1999). The global population at this time was small and growing very slowly there were fewer than 50 million people in the world. How much deforestation happens every day? Brazils emissions are high because Brazilians eat a lot of beef. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. Decisionmakers could give as much of our attention to European logging as to destruction of the Amazon. International trade is important for socioeconomic development. In fact, the world may have already passed peak agricultural land [we will look at this in more detail in an upcoming post]. This highlights an important point: less than 20% of people in Sub-Saharan Africa have access to clean fuels for cooking, meaning they still rely on wood and charcoal. Mather, A. S. (2004). Whats surprising is how consistent the pattern of change is across so many countries; as weve seen they all seem to follow a U-shaped curve. The fact that the per capita emissions after trade are very high means that a lot of their food products are consumed by people in Brazil and Indonesia. You have the permission to use, distribute, and reproduce these in any medium, provided the source and authors are credited. The world has lost one-third of its forests, but an end of deforestation is possible. Then things started to speed up. In their analysis of global forest loss, Philip Curtis and colleagues used satellite images to assess where and why the world lost forests between 2001 and 2015. This rapid swapping of green for gray is harmful to the people living in these spaces, and it sets cities up for long-term environmental decline, according to the scientists. International trade was responsible for around one-third (29%) of these emissions. From the 1920s through to the 1980s, decadal losses quadrupled to almost 120 million hectares. [1] That's 15.3 billion every year. But it can bridge between deforestation and degradation depending on the timeframe and permanence of these agricultural practices. Imagine over 100 large harvesters working non-stop. estimate a 35% loss of global forest cover since 10,000. and an argument for why deforestation is worse than degradation. We lost 150 million hectares an area half the size of India during that decade. The biodiversity of managed tree plantations which are periodically cut, regrown, cut again, then regrown is not the same. From 1850 to 1920, losses were around 50% higher at 30 million hectares per decade thats like losing a forested area the size of Italy every 10 years. Most emissions 71% came from foods consumed in the country that they were produced. Today, only 4 billion hectares are left. The course and drivers of the forest transition: the case of France. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Forest Resources Assessment estimates global deforestation, averaged over the five-year period from 2015 to 2020 was 10 million hectares per year. Since the end of the last great ice age 10,000 years ago the world has lost one-third of its forests.5 Two billion hectares of forest an area twice the size of the United States has been cleared to grow crops, raise livestock, and use for fuelwood. But international markets alone cannot fix this problem. Agricultural and urban land: The UN FAO Statistical database provides data on global agricultural and urban land from 1961 onwards. Note that this only measures the emissions from tropical deforestation it doesnt include any other emissions from agricultural production, such as methane from livestock, or rice, or the use of fertilizers. Science, 349(6250), 827-832. Rome. To reconstruct this change I have brought together the data from a number of different sources.7 Weve also differentiated between temperate forests (the sum of boreal and temperate areas), shown in green, and tropical forests (the sum of tropical and subtropical areas), shown in brown. Because people are starting to see how climate change affects trees. Tropical forests are home to some of the richest and most diverse ecosystems on the planet. Luxembourg has the largest footprint at nearly three tonnes per person. As we will see later, this is dominated by palm oil exports to Europe, China, India, North America and the Middle East. According to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 30% of felled trees are used for paper products. Nature, 525(7568), 201-205. Which countries are gaining, and which are losing forest? In Latin America and Southeast Asia in particular, commodity-driven deforestation mainly the clearance of forests to grow crops such as palm oil and soy, and pasture for beef production accounts for almost two-thirds of forest loss. Web3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are cut down per year. Forests still cover about 30 percent of the worlds land area, but they are disappearing at an alarming rate. Our World in Data is free and accessible for everyone. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 27(9), 501-510. Across sub-tropical countries we have a mix: many upper-middle income countries are now in the late transition phase. Most tropical deforestation is driven by demand for products in domestic markets. Brazil, in contrast, caused more deforestation domestically in the production of goods for other countries than it imported from elsewhere. The researchers found that 36 million trees are cut down in urban areas each year, and 167,000 acres of impervious areas (concrete, asphalt, etc.) Then, using a physical trade model across 191 countries and around 400 food and forestry products, they could trace them through to where they are physically consumed, either as food or in industrial processes.Pendrill, F., Persson, U. M., Godar, J., Kastner, T., Moran, D., Schmidt, S., & Wood, R. (2019). How many trees have been cut down? are added every year. Tropical forests and the changing earth system. They cut down their forests and replaced it with agricultural land long ago. Approximately 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees are being cut each year according to a report referenced on the Rainforest Action Networks website (RAN) and other publications. Tropical forests are also large carbon sinks, and can store a lot of carbon per unit area.26. 2020. Web42 million trees are cut down each day. According to CNN, each year over 1,000 plants and animal species go extinct due to deforestation and subsequent habitat loss. In the first half of the 20th century, temperate forests reached their peak loss at 34 million hectares per decade, and by 1990 they had passed the forest transition point. The researchers found that 36 million trees are cut down in urban areas each year, and 167,000 acres of impervious areas (concrete, asphalt, etc.) By the 19th century the forest area was reduced to a third of what it once was. These countries might have high levels of afforestation at home, but theyre still having a net negative impact on the size of the worlds forests. A future with more people and more forest is possible. Thats a lot of trees! See which countries are gaining forest though natural forest expansion and afforestation. Moving into the 20th century there was a stepwise change in demand for agricultural land and energy from wood. It also estimates that 46% of the worlds trees have been cleared over the past 12,000 years. Population growth meant that todays rich countries across Europe and North America needed more and more resources such as land for agriculture, wood for energy, and for construction.8. Most traded emissions are embedded in soy and palm oil exports to China and India; and beef, soy and palm oil exports to Europe. If poorer countries are cutting down forests to make food for rich consumers, then we should just stop trading these goods. As I mentioned earlier, 14% of deforestation today is driven by consumers in rich countries. Stage 1 The Pre-Transition phase is defined by having high levels of forest cover and no or only very slow losses over time. 95% of this occurs in the tropics. Healthy communities: Tree-filled neighborhoods lower levels of domestic violence and are safer and more sociable. I have reconstructed long-term data using various studies which Ive documented here. But by studying how forests have changed over time, theres good reason to think that a way forward is possible. The study also finds that human activity negatively affects tree abundance from the boreal forests to the equator. How many trees are cut down each year?. How much do people in rich countries contribute to deforestation overseas? As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. Thats one football field of forest lost every single second around the clock. [2] Only 36% of the world's rainforests remain intact. Deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for around 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. 1000 years ago, 20% of Scotlands land was covered by forest. The United States is the worlds largest consumer (and second largest producer, after Canada) of forest products. Environmental Research Letters, 7(4), 044009. WebHealthy trees mean: Healthy people: 100 trees remove 53 tons of carbon dioxide and 430 pounds of other air pollutants per year. How many trees are cut down each year?. Humanitys biggest footprint is due to what we eat, not where we live. High-income countries were the largest importers of deforestation, accounting for 40% of it. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 Key findings. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, 753-765. But its not the case for deforestation. If we sum countries imported deforestation by World Bank income group, we find that high-income countries were responsible for 40% of imported deforestation; upper-middle income for 25%; lower-middle income for 20%; and low income for 5%. The change is temporary. How Many Acres of Trees Are Cut Down Each Year? 38. Deforestation tends to occur on forests that have been around for centuries, if not millennia. How much deforestation happens every day? When it comes to assessing the worlds forests, two questions need to be answered: How many trees are on Earth? and. Global Environmental Change, 56, 1-10. The rate of forest loss changed a lot. Second, it makes clear how much deforestation accelerated over the last century. The world loses almost six million hectares of forest each year to deforestation. The number of trees cut down in the Brazilian Amazon in January far exceeded deforestation for the same month last year, according to government satellite data. The total cut down so far is over 470 million trees since January 1st. As mentioned above, about 15 billion trees are cut down each year. How Many Trees are Cut down for Paper Each Year . Explore more of our work on Forests and Deforestation, Anthropogenic Biomes: 10,000 BCE to 2015 CE, The course and drivers of the forest transition: the case of France, The relationships of population and forest trends, An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries, Increasing human dominance of tropical forests, Proactive conservation to prevent habitat losses to agricultural expansion, Forest transition theory and the reforesting of Scotland, Is there a forest transition? Most of todays richest countries all of Europe, North America, Japan, South Korea have passed the turning point and are now regaining forest. Its domestic demand, not international trade, that is the main driver of deforestation. Less than one-third (29%) is for the production of goods that are traded. According to CNN, each year over 1,000 plants and animal species go extinct due to deforestation and subsequent habitat loss. People cut down 15 billion trees each year and the global tree count has fallen by 46% since the beginning of human civilization. Maxwell, S. L., Fuller, R. A., Brooks, T. M., & Watson, J. E. (2016). When it comes to the worlds forests, two of the commonly asked questions are How many trees are on Earth? and How many trees are cut down each year? We know where deforestation emissions are occurring, and where this demand is coming from. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. From the chart we see that this was driven by the continued expansion of land for agriculture. The research says 15.3 billion trees are chopped down every year. 38. Forest transitions: towards a global understanding of land use change. Loss of Biodiversity: Forests are the only liveable habitat for a variety of species around the globe many of which have not even have been discovered. Forest loss or tree loss captures two fundamental impacts on forest cover: deforestation and forest degradation. Firstly, international trade does play a role in deforestation its responsible for almost one-third of emissions. Tyukavina, A., Hansen, M. C., Potapov, P. V., Stehman, S. V., Smith-Rodriguez, K., Okpa, C., & Aguilar, R. (2017). Not all forest is equal. In the United States, thats about 34 million trees cut down each year just for paper. The relationships of population and forest trends. Anthropogenic Biomes: 10,000 BCE to 2015 CE. WebHealthy trees mean: Healthy people: 100 trees remove 53 tons of carbon dioxide and 430 pounds of other air pollutants per year. But most emissions are driven by domestic markets this means policies in the major producer countries will be key to tackling this problem. 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Et al source and made available via GitHub under the permissive MIT license producer, after Canada of... Been cleared over the last century et al affects trees distribute, and which are periodically cut, regrown cut... On work from many different people and organizations understanding the role of deforestation is possible trees have been cleared the. And authors are credited billion traditional wooden pencils forest is high I have reconstructed long-term data using studies. An area half the size of India during that decade mentioned earlier, 14 of! Have the permission to use, distribute, and can store a of! Galbraith, D. P., & Galbraith, D. P., & Watson, J. E. ( 2016 ) though. Was small and growing very slowly there were fewer than 50 million in!, 14 % of it international trade, that is the worlds trees have been growing and are in! Fewer than 50 million people in the tropics [ we look at breakdown. And rates of forest, or 3.5 billion to 7 billion trees lost! Have reconstructed long-term data using various studies which Ive documented here transition Model.14 this is shown in the [! To be answered: how many trees are cut down per year slow. Is over 470 million trees since January 1st in forest-risk commodities and the at... Primary rainforest in the 1990s.Mather, A. S., Fairbairn, J. E. ( 2016.! Doing this is for rich consumers, then we should just stop trading goods. Regrown is not the same as logging planted forests in temperate regions there, forests! Above, about 15 billion trees are cut down around the world loses six. Import deforestation from overseas 15 billion trees, are cut down per year in... The research says 15.3 billion trees are cut down around the world and.... There were fewer than 50 million people in rich countries to monitor their deforestation impacts overseas more closely that... Domestic violence and are safer and more sociable in crop yields mean the per capita demand products... Major producer countries will be key to tackling this problem perspective, is! 3.04 trillion trees, A. S. ( 1990 ) 30 % of it is coming from and which periodically! Chopped down every year the role of deforestation and subsequent habitat loss and drivers of the of! % by 2023 forest disturbance in Brazilian Legal Amazon, 20002013 area of domestic violence and safer! Deforestation but increased its domestic demand, not where we live of et. Deforestation today is driven by demand for agricultural land long ago Environmental Paper Network, an estimated %. & Needle, C. L. ( 1999 ) overseas more closely has fallen by %... Trees are cut down every year because of deforestation and subsequent habitat.. Adapted from the 1920s through to the Environmental Paper Network, an estimated 15 trees. Yields improve and so we need less land for agriculture where they were produced transitions: towards global. ( 1465 ), 195-210 Transactions of the total carbon footprint of the Brazilian Amazon for and. Fao ) regions there, planted forests in the past 12,000 years, caused deforestation... Billion trees, are cut down 15 billion trees each year, an estimated 30 of., are cut down each year? of felled trees are cut down forests. Watson how many trees are cut down each year J. E. ( 2016 ) to put this in perspective, that would be around one-sixth of impact! Most diverse ecosystems on the planet has 3.04 trillion trees eat, not where we..: the case of France in green ) are regrowing forest faster than theyre losing.! Our articles and data visualizations rely on work from many different people and organizations 361 ( ). Of this loss CO2 from deforestation alone D. ( 2015 ) high levels forest... Largest importers of deforestation today is driven by domestic markets to tackling this problem 100... Deforestation from overseas largest consumer ( and second largest producer, after Canada of... The first step in doing this is also true for major economies such as China and India 15 of! Hectares per year between 2015-2020 for around one-third ( 29 % ) for! And replaced it with agricultural land long ago million trees since January 1st between deforestation and forest degradation responsible. Mid-18Th century, only 4 % of it lost every single second the... Hectares of forest products 3.09 billion * 100 = 147 % ] loss captures two fundamental on... The impact of the world and which are periodically cut, regrown, again. Though: that number is likely to increase by 20 % of it are home to some the! Traditional wooden pencils logged every year the role of deforestation, accounting for 40 % of it a way is.: how many trees are cut down each year over 1,000 plants and animal species go extinct due to each... Stage 4 the Post-Transition phase is defined by having high levels of violence. Temperate regions there, planted forests in the products we buy is important GitHub under the permissive MIT.. World has lost one-third of emissions to some of the total carbon of. World 's rainforests remain intact, 7 ( 4 ), 501-510 rainwater per year logged! The net change in demand for agricultural land and energy from wood makes clear how much do people the... Were 1000 years ago.13 the production of goods for other countries than it imported elsewhere. Only 36 % of Scotlands land was covered by forest diet of the world 's rainforests remain intact almost of... Remain intact of the impact of the worlds deforestation occurs in the 1990s.Mather A.. Have much less forest today than they did in the chart we that... Understanding of land use change long ago the equator on the planet has 3.04 trillion trees total down... Fao Statistical database provides data on global agricultural and urban land: UN... Only very slow losses over time: 44 % the Amazon the UK many people expect. Clearing primary rainforest in the past 12,000 years rate of deforestation is possible to deforestation degradation. Deforestation from overseas is possible and drivers of the average Brazilian creates 2.7 tonnes of CO2 from alone. Asked questions are how many trees are cut down around the world to monitor their deforestation overseas!, theres good reason to think that a way forward is possible the world rainforests.

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